9. Sterilizers –
Sterilizers are essential in the pharmaceutical industry to make sure drugs and equipment are free from harmful microbes like bacteria, viruses, and spores. Different methods are used based on the product’s nature: steam sterilizers (autoclaves) for instruments and glassware, dry heat for moisture-sensitive items, ethylene oxide gas for delicate materials, and radiation for packaged goods.
Other approaches include filtration and chemical disinfection. It’s important to pick a sterilization method that suits the material and meets strict regulatory standards. Processes must be validated and closely monitored. Where final sterilization isn’t possible, aseptic processing ensures products stay sterile during manufacturing.
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